Black-and-White Ruffed Lemur
Ruffed lemur
The Black-and-white ruffed lemur is one of the largest lemurs and the second loudest primate after the howler monkey from central and South America. With its striking black and white pattern, it is amongst the most iconic of the lemur species. Its name comes from the large white furry ‘ruff’ around its neck. It is classified as critically endangered, which makes it one of the most endangered of the lemurs, being just one step from extinction in the wild.
Photos with Black-and-White Ruffed Lemur
Distibution
Black-and-white ruffed lemurs live in eastern Madagascar, in primary and secondary lowland, as well as mid-altitude rainforest. They are tree dwellers and are the most arboreal of the true lemurs.
Geography
Biome
Habits and Lifestyle
These animals live in groups of 2 to 5, such groups apparently representing mated pairs and their young. In some parts of Madagascar, up to 16 individuals form a group, although they divide into smaller subgroups in the cool wet season. The subgroups use different parts of the home range. The females seem to provide the stable basis of the bigger groups.
These lemurs spend most of their day traveling, feeding and resting high in the forest canopy. As they are diurnal, their most active time is mornings and late afternoons.
Black-and-white ruffed lemurs, when threatened, defend themselves and their territory (which they have marked with scent) with a near-deafening call.
Aside from vocalizations, they use facial expressions and body postures to communicate. Tactile communication, through grooming, aggression and play, is also important.
Diet and Nutrition
Of the lemurs alive today, this species is the most frugivorous, eating fruits, nectar, leaves, and seeds, according to the season. Sometimes they also eat soil.
Mating Habits
The mating system of the Black-and-white ruffed lemurs is little understood. They usually live in what seem to be family groups, based on one mated pair, which indicates the species is monogamous. However, due to variation of the social structure, where larger groups are sometimes formed, it is possible that some populations are polygynous (one male mating with multiple females). The mating season appears to be in June and July. The period of gestation is usually 90 to 102 days. A mother may have up to 6 babies at a time but usually has only 2 or 3. More than 50% of births are twins. A mother can use her mouth to carry the infant, which is obviously different from most lemurs, whose infants cling to the mother's belly when young, then ride on her back as they get heavier. Infants may leave the nest at 3 weeks and are as mobile as their parents by the time they are 7 weeks old. At about 4-5 months old weaning takes place, and infants are almost adult size at 6 months old. Females are sexually mature when 20 months old, but the average age to give birth is 3.4 years.
Population
Population threats
The black-and-white ruffed lemur is under threat by habitat loss as a result of logging, mining, agriculture, and other development. When human activities in Madagascar encroach upon rainforest habitat, this lemur species is one of the first of the lemur species to disappear. Being hunted for meat is also a threat to this rare primate, as unfortunately its daylight activity pattern and large size make it an easy target. It is one of the most heavily hunted lemur species in the country.
Population number
According to the Primate Info Net (PIN) resource, the total population number of the Black-and-white ruffed lemur is 1,000 to 10,000 individuals. Today this species' numbers are decreasing and it is classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List.
Ecological niche
As a frugivore, the Black-and-white ruffed lemur plays a big role in the dispersal of seeds. As prey, they may also have an impact on local food webs.
Fun Facts for Kids
- When flowers are in bloom, Black-and-white ruffed lemurs eat their nectar. They stick their long snout into the flower and coat their nose with pollen.
- These lemurs use their bottom teeth, their "toothcomb", for social bonding through grooming.
- The Black-and-white ruffed lemurs are one of the larger living species of lemur. Once there were lemurs nearly as big as a female gorilla.
- Black-and-white ruffed lemurs are the only primates which have true litters of young.
- These lemurs love to sunbathe while lying on their backs, their arms outstretched.
- This species of lemur are the only primates to make a nest for their offspring.
- Black-and-white ruffed lemurs are considered to be the world's largest pollinator, dispersing pollen from the Traveller’s tree.
- “Lemur” in Latin means “ghost”. When people first heard their loud calls, they thought they came from ghosts in the forest.
- Lemurs communicate mainly through smell. They “scent-mark” by means of rubbing their bodies against branches to let other lemurs know they were there.