The wolf (Canis lupus), also known as the Gray wolf or Grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of Canis lupus have been recognized, and gray wolves, as popularly understood, comprise wild...
The coyote (Canis latrans) is a species of canine native to North America. It fills much of the same ecological niche as the Golden jackal does in Eurasia. The coyote is larger and more predatory and was once referred to as the American jackal by a...
The dingo (Canis familiaris, Canis familiaris dingo, Canis dingo, or Canis lupus dingo) is an ancient (basal) lineage of dog found in Australia. It is variously considered a form of domestic dog not warranting recognition as a subspecies, a...
The Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is the largest of the true foxes and one of the most widely distributed members of the order Carnivora, being present across the entire Northern Hemisphere. Its range has increased alongside human expansion, having been...
The Common raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is a canid indigenous to mainland East Asia and northern Vietnam. Despite its name, its closest relatives are the true foxes, and not the American raccoons. Among the Canidae, the Raccoon dog shares...
The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is the largest wild canine in Africa, and the only extant member of the genus Lycaon; it is distinguished from Canis by dentition highly specialized for a hypercarnivorous diet, and by a lack of dewclaws....
The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is a small fox native to the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and common throughout the Arctic tundra biome. It is well adapted to living in cold environments and is best known for its thick, warm fur that is...
The Fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) is a small crepuscular fox native to the deserts of North Africa. It is the smallest species of fox. Its coat, ears, and kidney functions have adapted to the desert environment with high temperatures and little water....
The Japanese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes viverrinus), also known as the tanuki is one of two species in the genus Nyctereutes, alongside the Common raccoon dog, of which it was formerly thought to be a subspecies. Currently, it is thought to represent...
The dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a canid native Asia. During the Pleistocene, the dhole ranged throughout Asia, Europe, and North America but became restricted to its historical range 12,000-18,000 years ago. The dhole is listed as Endangered on the IUCN...
The Maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is a large canine of South America. Its markings resemble those of foxes, but it is neither a fox nor a wolf. It is the only species in the genus Chrysocyon (meaning "golden dog"). It is the largest canine in...
The red wolf (Canis rufus ) is a canine native to the southeastern United States. Its size is intermediate between the coyote (Canis latrans ) and gray wolf (Canis lupus ).The red wolf's taxonomic classification as being a separate species, a...
The Golden jackal (Canis aureus) is a wolf-like canid. Despite its name, the Golden jackal is not closely related to the African Black-backed jackal or Side-striped jackal, which are part of the genus Lupulella, being instead closer to wolves and...
The Gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) is an omnivorous mammal of the family Canidae widely distributed throughout North America and Central America. It was once the most common fox in the eastern United States, and though still found there, human...
The Arctic wolf (Canis lupus arctos) is a sub-species of grey wolves. These wolves spend their lives in the Arctic tundra, higher than the northern tree line. They are the only wolves in the world with their coloring, unique due to the environment...
The Northwestern wolf (Canis lupus occidentalis) is a subspecies of Gray wolf in western North America. Arguably it is the largest grey wolf subspecies in the world.
The Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus ), also known as the common wolf, is a subspecies of grey wolf native to Europe and Asia. It was once widespread throughout Eurasia prior to the Middle Ages. Aside from an extensive paleontological record,...
The Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) is a canine native to the Ethiopian Highlands. In southeastern Ethiopia, it is also known as the Horse jackal. Unlike most large canids, which are widespread, generalist feeders, the Ethiopian wolf is a highly...
The Bush dog (Speothos venaticus) is a canine found in Central and South America. It is very rare in most areas except in Suriname, Guyana, and Peru; it was first identified by Peter Wilhelm Lund from fossils in Brazilian caves and was believed to...
The African golden wolf (Canis lupaster) is a canine that plays a prominent role in some African cultures. It was previously classified as an African variant of the Golden jackal. In 2015, a series of analyses on the species' mitochondrial DNA and...
The Eastern wolf (Canis lupus lycaon or Canis lycaon or Canis rufus lycaon) is considered to be either a unique subspecies of Grey wolf or Red wolf or a separate species from both. Regardless of its status, it is regarded as unique and therefore...
The Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) is a subspecies of Grey wolf. It travels in smaller packs and is less vocal than other variants of the Grey wolf, and has a reputation for being cunning. The Indian wolf is one of the most endangered...
The Japanese wolf (Japanese: ニホンオオカミ（日本狼）, Hepburn: Nihon ōkami, or 山犬, yamainu ; Canis lupus hodophilax ), also known as the Honshū wolf, is an extinct subspecies of the gray wolf that was once endemic to the islands of Honshū, Shikoku and Kyūshū...
The Black-backed jackal (Lupulella mesomelas) is a medium-sized canine native to eastern and southern Africa. These regions are separated by roughly 900 kilometers. Compared to other members of the genus Canis, the Black-backed jackal is a very...
The Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) is a subspecies of the Gray wolf, commonly known as "El lobo". Once there were thousands of these wolves but in the U.S. many had been killed by the mid-1970s, and just a handful existed in zoos. In 1998,...
The Kit fox (Vulpes macrotis) is a fox species that inhabits arid and semi-arid regions of North America. These foxes are the smallest of the four species of Vulpes occurring in North America and are among the smallest of the vulpines worldwide. It...
The Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) is a species of fox that lives in the African savanna. Fossil records indicate this canid first appeared during the middle Pleistocene. It is named for its large ears, which have a role in thermoregulation. The...
The Island fox (Urocyon littoralis) is a small fox native to six of the eight Channel Islands of California. There are six subspecies, each unique to the island it lives on, reflecting its evolutionary history. They are generally docile, show little...
The Swift fox (Vulpes velox) is a small fox around the size of a domestic cat found in the western grasslands of North America. It is closely related to the Kit fox. The Swift fox became nearly extinct in the 1930s as a result of predator control...
The Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata) is a species of true fox native to Asia. It lives a solitary life and is widespread in the Tibetan Plateau's steppes and semi-deserts.
The steppe wolf (Canis lupus campestris ), also known as the Caspian Sea wolf, is a subspecies of grey wolf native to the Caspian steppes, the steppe regions of the Caucasus, the lower Volga region, southern Kazakhstan north to the middle of the...
The Arabian wolf (Canis lupus arabs ) is a subspecies of gray wolf native to the Arabian Peninsula, the Negev Desert, the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan. It is the smallest wolf subspecies, and a desert-adapted subspecies that normally lives in small...
The Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) is a species of medium-sized canid native to the central part of South America. It is not closely related to true foxes. The part of its scientific name comes from the Greek words kerdo (meaning fox) and kyon...
The Corsac foxes (Vulpes corsac) are medium-sized foxes found in Asia. They live in open grassy steppes and semideserts and try to stay far away from human habitations. Fossils of Corsac foxes date back to the mid-Pleistocene and show they once...
The Italian wolf (Canis lupus italicus or Canis lupus lupus) is a subspecies of the Grey wolf. Although not universally recognized as a distinct subspecies, it nonetheless possesses a unique mtDNA haplotype and a distinct skull morphology. The...
The Himalayan wolf (Canis lupus chanco ) is a canine of debated taxonomy. It is distinguished by its genetic markers, with mitochondrial DNA indicating that it is genetically basal to the Holarctic grey wolf, genetically the same wolf as the Tibetan...
The culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) is a species of South American fox. Regardless of the name, it is not a true fox, but more closely related to wolves and jackals. It is the second-largest native canid on the continent after the Maned wolf.
The Side-striped jackal (Lupulella adusta) is a canine native to Africa. Unlike the smaller and related Black-backed jackal, which dwells in open plains, the Side-striped jackal prefers to live in woodland and scrub areas.
The Hokkaido wolf (Canis lupus hattai ), also known as the Ezo wolf (Japanese: エゾオオカミ（蝦夷狼）ー, Hepburn: Ezo Ōkami) and in Russia as the Sakhalin wolf, is an extinct subspecies of gray wolf that once inhabited coastal north-east Asia. Its nearest...
Armbruster's wolf (Canis armbrusteri ) is an extinct species that was endemic to North America and lived during the Irvingtonian stage of the Pleistocene epoch, spanning from 1.9 Mya—250,000 years BP. It is notable because it is proposed as the...
Rüppell's fox (Vulpes rueppellii ), also called Rüppell's sand fox, is a fox species living in desert and semi-desert regions of North Africa, the Middle East, and southwestern Asia. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since...
The Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus, or Canis lupus lupus, Spanish and Portuguese : Lobo ibérico) is a subspecies of Grey wolf that has been isolated from mixing with other wolf populations for over a century. The Iberian wolf forms the largest...
