The wolf (Canis lupus), also known as the Gray wolf or Grey wolf, is a large canine native to Eurasia and North America. More than thirty subspecies of Canis lupus have been recognized, and gray wolves, as popularly understood, comprise wild...
The coyote (Canis latrans) is a species of canine native to North America. It fills much of the same ecological niche as the Golden jackal does in Eurasia. The coyote is larger and more predatory and was once referred to as the American jackal by a...
The dingo (Canis familiaris, Canis familiaris dingo, Canis dingo, or Canis lupus dingo) is an ancient (basal) lineage of dog found in Australia. It is variously considered a form of domestic dog not warranting recognition as a subspecies, a...
The red wolf (Canis rufus ) is a canine native to the southeastern United States. Its size is intermediate between the coyote (Canis latrans ) and gray wolf (Canis lupus ).The red wolf's taxonomic classification as being a separate species, a...
The Golden jackal (Canis aureus) is a wolf-like canid. Despite its name, the Golden jackal is not closely related to the African Black-backed jackal or Side-striped jackal, which are part of the genus Lupulella, being instead closer to wolves and...
The Arctic wolf (Canis lupus arctos) is a sub-species of grey wolves. These wolves spend their lives in the Arctic tundra, higher than the northern tree line. They are the only wolves in the world with their coloring, unique due to the environment...
The Northwestern wolf (Canis lupus occidentalis) is a subspecies of Gray wolf in western North America. Arguably it is the largest grey wolf subspecies in the world.
The Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus lupus ), also known as the common wolf, is a subspecies of grey wolf native to Europe and Asia. It was once widespread throughout Eurasia prior to the Middle Ages. Aside from an extensive paleontological record,...
The Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) is a canine native to the Ethiopian Highlands. In southeastern Ethiopia, it is also known as the Horse jackal. Unlike most large canids, which are widespread, generalist feeders, the Ethiopian wolf is a highly...
The African golden wolf (Canis lupaster) is a canine that plays a prominent role in some African cultures. It was previously classified as an African variant of the Golden jackal. In 2015, a series of analyses on the species' mitochondrial DNA and...
The Eastern wolf (Canis lupus lycaon or Canis lycaon or Canis rufus lycaon) is considered to be either a unique subspecies of Grey wolf or Red wolf or a separate species from both. Regardless of its status, it is regarded as unique and therefore...
The Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) is a subspecies of Grey wolf. It travels in smaller packs and is less vocal than other variants of the Grey wolf, and has a reputation for being cunning. The Indian wolf is one of the most endangered...
The Japanese wolf (Japanese: ニホンオオカミ（日本狼）, Hepburn: Nihon ōkami, or 山犬, yamainu ; Canis lupus hodophilax ), also known as the Honshū wolf, is an extinct subspecies of the gray wolf that was once endemic to the islands of Honshū, Shikoku and Kyūshū...
The Black-backed jackal (Lupulella mesomelas) is a medium-sized canine native to eastern and southern Africa. These regions are separated by roughly 900 kilometers. Compared to other members of the genus Canis, the Black-backed jackal is a very...
The Mexican gray wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) is a subspecies of the Gray wolf, commonly known as "El lobo". Once there were thousands of these wolves but in the U.S. many had been killed by the mid-1970s, and just a handful existed in zoos. In 1998,...
The steppe wolf (Canis lupus campestris ), also known as the Caspian Sea wolf, is a subspecies of grey wolf native to the Caspian steppes, the steppe regions of the Caucasus, the lower Volga region, southern Kazakhstan north to the middle of the...
The Arabian wolf (Canis lupus arabs ) is a subspecies of gray wolf native to the Arabian Peninsula, the Negev Desert, the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan. It is the smallest wolf subspecies, and a desert-adapted subspecies that normally lives in small...
The Italian wolf (Canis lupus italicus or Canis lupus lupus) is a subspecies of the Grey wolf. Although not universally recognized as a distinct subspecies, it nonetheless possesses a unique mtDNA haplotype and a distinct skull morphology. The...
The Himalayan wolf (Canis lupus chanco ) is a canine of debated taxonomy. It is distinguished by its genetic markers, with mitochondrial DNA indicating that it is genetically basal to the Holarctic grey wolf, genetically the same wolf as the Tibetan...
The Side-striped jackal (Lupulella adusta) is a canine native to Africa. Unlike the smaller and related Black-backed jackal, which dwells in open plains, the Side-striped jackal prefers to live in woodland and scrub areas.
The Hokkaido wolf (Canis lupus hattai ), also known as the Ezo wolf (Japanese: エゾオオカミ（蝦夷狼）ー, Hepburn: Ezo Ōkami) and in Russia as the Sakhalin wolf, is an extinct subspecies of gray wolf that once inhabited coastal north-east Asia. Its nearest...
Armbruster's wolf (Canis armbrusteri ) is an extinct species that was endemic to North America and lived during the Irvingtonian stage of the Pleistocene epoch, spanning from 1.9 Mya—250,000 years BP. It is notable because it is proposed as the...
The Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus, or Canis lupus lupus, Spanish and Portuguese : Lobo ibérico) is a subspecies of Grey wolf that has been isolated from mixing with other wolf populations for over a century. The Iberian wolf forms the largest...
The Great Plains wolf (Canis lupus nubilus ), also known as the buffalo wolf or loafer, is an extinct subspecies of gray wolf that once extended throughout the Great Plains, from southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan in Canada southward to northern...
In the taxonomic treatment presented in the third (2005) edition of Mammal Species of the World, Canis lupus dingo is a taxonomic rank that includes both the dingo that is native to Australia and the New Guinea singing dog that is native to the New...
The Interior Alaskan wolf (Canis lupus pambasileus ), also known as the Yukon wolf, is a subspecies of gray wolf native to parts of British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, Interior Alaska and Yukon.
The tundra wolf (Canis lupus albus ), also known as the Turukhan wolf, is a subspecies of grey wolf native to Eurasia's tundra and forest-tundra zones from Finland to the Kamchatka Peninsula. It was first described in 1792 by Robert Kerr, who...
The Newfoundland wolf (Canis lupus beothucus ) was a subspecies of grey wolf that was native to Newfoundland. As a food source, the species would prey and rely on the Newfoundland Caribou. During the autumn and early winter, some wolves would turn...
The British Columbia wolf (Canis lupus columbianus ) is a subspecies of gray wolf which lives in a narrow region that includes those parts of the mainland coast and near-shore islands that are covered with temperate rainforest, which extends from...
Bernard's wolf (Canis lupus bernardi ), also known as the Banks Island wolf or the Banks Island tundra wolf, is an extinct subspecies of the gray wolf that was limited to Banks and Victoria Island of the Arctic Archipelago.
The northern Rocky Mountain wolf (Canis lupus irremotus ), also known as the northern Rocky Mountain timber wolf, is a subspecies of gray wolf native to the northern Rocky Mountains. It is a light-colored, medium to large-sized subspecies with a...
The Florida black wolf (Canis rufus floridanus ), also known as the Florida wolf and the black wolf, is an extinct subspecies of red wolf. that was endemic to Florida. This subspecies became extinct in 1934 due to crowding out of its habitat and...
The European jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus ) is a subspecies of the Golden jackal. It was first described by French naturalist Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire during the Morea expedition.
The Vancouver Coastal Sea wolf or Vancouver Coastal Island wolf (Canis lupus crassodon ) is a subspecies of grey wolf, found along the Pacific Coast of Canada. These are one of the shyest and most elusive creatures rarely seen by humans. They are...
The Alexander Archipelago wolf (Canis lupus ligoni) is a subspecies of the Gray wolf. It first arrived in Alaska sometime between 7,000 and 8,000 years ago, after the end of the Wisconsin glaciation period. It is thought that the wolves were likely...
The Egyptian wolf (Canis lupaster lupaster) is a subspecies of African golden wolf.
The Greenland wolf (Canis lupus orion) is a subspecies of Grey wolf that is native to Greenland. Historically, it was heavily persecuted, but today it is fully protected. The entire population of the Greenland wolf is very small, probably about 200...
The Labrador wolf (Canis lupus labradorius) is a subspecies of Grey wolf. It is one of the least studied because it is very feared by people. It is closely related to the Newfoundland wolf.
The cave wolf (Canis lupus spelaeus ) is an extinct subspecies of wolf that lived during the Late Pleistocene Ice Age. It inhabited what is now modern-day western Europe. The Don wolf (C. l. brevis ) from eastern Europe is regarded as a taxonomic...
The Alaskan tundra wolf (Canis lupus tundrarum ), also known as the barren-ground wolf, is a North American subspecies of gray wolf native to the barren grounds of the Arctic coastal tundra region. It was named in 1912 by Gerrit Smith Miller, who...
The Texas wolf (Canis lupus monstrabilis ) is an extinct subspecies of gray wolf, distinct from the Texas red wolf (Canis lupus rufus ), whose range once included southern and western Texas and northeastern Mexico.
Canis arnensis (or Arno River dog) is an extinct species of canine that was endemic to Mediterranean Europe during the Early Pleistocene. The Arno River dog has been described as a small jackal-like dog. Its anatomy and morphology relate it more to...
