Costa Rican pygmy owl
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
SPECIES
Glaucidium costaricanum

The Costa Rican pygmy owl (Glaucidium costaricanum ) is a small "typical owl" in subfamily Surniinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.

Appearance

The Costa Rican pygmy owl is 14.5 to 17 cm (5.7 to 6.7 in) long. Males weigh 53 to 70 g (1.9 to 2.5 oz) and females as much as 99 g (3.5 oz). Adults have two color morphs, one mostly brown and the other rufous. The head and upperparts are the basal color with paler spots, and the tail is the same color with four white bands and a white tip. The nape has a pair of blackish spots with pale borders that resemble eyes. The breast and belly are white and the flanks are the basal color. The facial disc is the basal color with narrow buff and white marks. Its eyes and feet are yellow, the maxilla greenish yellow, and the mandible light brown with a yellow tip.

Distribution

Geography

Continents
Biogeographical realms

The Costa Rican pygmy owl is found in the Cordillera Central and Cordillera de Talamanca of Costa Rica and patchily into far western Panama. It inhabits the canopy and edges of humid montane oak and evergreen forests. In Costa Rica it ranges from about 900 to 3,000 m (3,000 to 9,800 ft) in elevation on the Caribbean slope and about 1,200 to 3,000 m (3,900 to 9,800 ft) on the Pacific slope.

Habits and Lifestyle

The Costa Rican pygmy owl is a year-round resident throughout its range.

Lifestyle
Seasonal behavior
Bird's call

Diet and Nutrition

The Costa Rican pygmy owls forages both day and night. It hunts from a low perch in dense foliage and takes prey in "a short, swift dash". If the target is missed, the bird typically returns to the perch rather than pursuing. Its diet has not been defined in detail but is known to include birds, small mammals and other vertebrates, and large arthropods. Like other pygmy owls, they swish their tails from side to side when agitated.

Mating Habits

The Costa Rican pygmy owl's breeding phenology is not well known. It nests in tree cavities, perhaps mostly old woodpecker holes. One nest was found in March and contained three eggs.

Population

Population number

The IUCN has assessed the Costa Rican pygmy owl as being of Least Concern. Though its population size is not known it is believed to be stable. No specific threats have been identified. It is considered rare in Panama and rare to locally fairly common in Costa Rica. "Human activity has little short-term direct effect on Costa Rican Pygmy-Owl, other than the local effects of habitat destruction."

References

1. Costa Rican pygmy owl Wikipedia article - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rican_pygmy_owl
2. Costa Rican pygmy owl on The IUCN Red List site - https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729005/95003007
3. Xeno-canto bird call - https://xeno-canto.org/517721

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