The Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer ) is a small-medium species of crocodile endemic to Cuba. Typical length is 2.1–2.3 m (6.9–7.5 ft) and typical weight 70–80 kg (150–180 lb). Large males can reach as much as 3.5 m (11 ft) in length and weigh more than 215 kg (474 lb). Despite its modest size, it is a highly aggressive animal, and potentially dangerous to humans.
The Cuban crocodile is of interest to biologists, for its unique physical and behavioral traits. Long- and strong-legged, it is the most terrestrial of extant crocodiles. Its preferred habitat comprises freshwater environments such as marshes and rivers. There, the adults feed on fish, turtles and small mammals, while the young eat invertebrates and smaller fish. Mating occurs between May and July. Captive animals have displayed cooperative hunting behavior, and can be taught tricks, suggesting intelligence.
The Cuban crocodile is listed as Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Once spread across the Caribbean, its range has dwindled to including only the Zapata Swamp and Isla de la Juventud, due to hunting by humans. Captive breeding projects are in place to help the species recover.The species fossil record reveals it had at one point a greater range, with fossil remains being found in The Bahamas, Hispaniola (in the Dominican Republic), and the Cayman Islands.
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DiurnalDiurnal animals are active during the daytime, with a period of sleeping or other inactivity at night. The timing of activity by an animal depends ...
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CarnivoreA carnivore meaning 'meat eater' is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of a...
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AquaticAn aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in water for most or all of its life. It may breathe air or extract ...
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Apex predatorAn apex predator, also known as a top predator, is a predator at the top of a food chain and has no natural predators. These animals usually occup...
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PrecocialPrecocial species are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. Precocial species are normall...
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Pack huntersA pack hunter or social predator is a predatory animal that hunts its prey by working together with other members of its species. Normally animals ...
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TerrestrialTerrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g., cats, ants, snails), as compared with aquatic animals, which liv...
Oviparous animals are female animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive...
Ambush predators are carnivorous animals that capture or trap prey by stealth, luring, or by (typically instinctive) strategies utilizing an elemen...
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PolygynyPolygyny is a mating system in which one male lives and mates with multiple females but each female only mates with a single male.
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Generally solitaryGenerally solitary animals are those animals that spend their time separately but will gather at foraging areas or sleep in the same location or sh...
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Not a migrantAnimals that do not make seasonal movements and stay in their native home ranges all year round are called not migrants or residents.
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starts withThe Cuban crocodile is amongst the most threatened of the New World crocodilians (which include alligators, caimans and gharials). It is of medium size and has a short, broad head with high bony ridges behind its eyes; a large adult has a medial ridge that runs between its eyes towards its snout. Its toes are short and do not have webbing, indicative of animals that spend more time on land as compared to most other crocodilian species. Juveniles and adults both have a sprinkled pattern of black and yellow on their back, and for this reason are sometimes called 'pearly' crocodiles.
Cuban crocodiles have the smallest natural distribution known of any living crocodilian, found today primarily in two areas in Cuba: in the northwest in the Zapata Swamp and in the Isla de Juventud in the Lanier Swamp. These crocodiles prefer fresh water swamps or marshes like those of the Everglades and rarely swim in salt water.
Cuban crocodiles are equally at home on land or in water, being strong swimmers as well as competent at walking and jumping. Temperature control is important for them, since they cannot generate heat metabolically but soak it up from the sun or from warm water, usually in the morning, when cold and groggy, or once they have eaten a meal, because heat will raise their metabolism. They generally cooperate when feeding or hunting, but still relate to one another within a dominance hierarchy based on size, gender, and temperament. Cuban crocodiles are very intelligent, and the fact that they are more vicious and more lethal is because of their well-coordinated cerebral cortex, tissue that links intelligence, memory and awareness. When crocodiles hunt together in the wild, they will surround large prey to attack it, and maim it to make it defenseless. However, following a hunt, these crocodiles generally remain solitary and often are found basking near riverbeds.
Cuban crocodiles are carnivores, they mainly eat aquatic invertebrates, as well as small terrestrial mammals. Juveniles primarily eat arthropods and small fish. Adult Cuban crocodiles eat mostly fish and turtles, along with small mammals.
Cuban crocodiles are polygynous; this means that one male mates with more than one female. Breeding begins in May and runs until August or September. Conditions like the availability of materials for nesting determine whether they dig hole nests or build hole nests. 30 - 40 eggs are usually laid, to hatch in 58 - 70 days. Many eggs are laid because up to 99% of hatchlings die, mainly due to predation of both eggs and hatchlings by a range of mammals, reptiles and birds, and sometimes by their own species. The gender of the hatchlings depends on the nest’s temperature. Males are produced when internal nest temperatures are 30-32 degrees Celsius, and females when the temperatures is above or below this. In captivity, Cuban crocodiles will often interbreed with Siamese crocodiles and American crocodiles.
Cuban crocodiles are highly vulnerable due to their restricted distribution. Habitat destruction encroaches on the marshes where they live and a further threat is competition by introduced and hybrid species.
According to the IUCN Red List, the total Cuban crocodile population size is around 3,000-5,000 mature individuals. According to the University of Michigan (Museum of Zoology), the total population size of this species is around 3,000-6,000 individuals. Currently Cuban crocodiles are classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List.
