Endemic Animals of Thailand








White-eyed river martin
The white-eyed river martin (Pseudochelidon sirintarae ) is a passerine bird, one of only two members of the river martin subfamily of the swallows. Since it has significant differences from its closest relative, the African river martin, it is sometimes placed in its own genus, Eurochelidon. First found in 1968, it is known only from a single wintering site in Thailand, and may be extinct, since it has not been seen since 1980 despite targeted ...
surveys in Thailand and neighbouring Cambodia. It may possibly still breed in China or Southeast Asia, but a Chinese painting initially thought to depict this species was later reassessed as showing pratincoles.The adult white-eyed river martin is a medium-sized swallow, with mainly glossy greenish-black plumage, a white rump, and a tail which has two elongated slender central tail feathers, each widening to a racket-shape at the tip. It has a white eye ring and a broad, bright greenish-yellow bill. The sexes are similar in appearance, but the juvenile lacks the tail ornaments and is generally browner than the adult. Little is known of the behaviour or breeding habitat of this martin, although like other swallows it feeds on insects caught in flight, and its wide bill suggests that it may take relatively large species. It roosts in reed beds in winter, and may nest in river sandbanks, probably in April or May before the summer rains. It may have been overlooked prior to its discovery because it tended to feed at dawn or dusk rather than during the day.The martin's apparent demise may have been hastened by trapping, loss of habitat and the construction of dams. The winter swallow roosts at the only known location of this martin have greatly reduced in numbers, and birds breeding at river habitats have declined throughout the region. The white-eyed river martin is one of only two birds endemic to Thailand, and the country's government has noted this through the issues of a stamp and a high-value commemorative coin.
Discover more
White-eyed river martin
Siamese partridge
The Siamese partridge (Arborophila diversa ) is a bird species in the family Phasianidae. It is found in highland forest in eastern Thailand. Some taxonomic authorities consider it to be a subspecies of the chestnut-headed partridge.
Discover more
Siamese partridge
Turquoise-throated barbet
The turquoise-throated barbet (Psilopogon chersonesus ) is an Asian barbet found in Thailand. The barbets get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills; this species eats fruits and insects. It used to be considered a subspecies of the blue-throated barbet.
Discover more
Turquoise-throated barbet
Limnonectes megastomias
Limnonectes megastomias is a species of frogs with fangs that was discovered in Thailand in 2008. The frog eats birds and insects. The male frogs use their fangs to attack other males in combat. The species have also been known to eat other frogs.
Discover more
Limnonectes megastomias
Chalcorana eschatia
Chalcorana eschatia is a species of "true frog" in the family Ranidae. It is known from southern Thailand, but is likely to be more widespread. It was split off from Chalcorana chalconota (then Rana chalconota ) by Robert Inger and colleagues in 2009, along with a number of other species in so-called "Rana chalconota group". The specific name eschatia, derived from the Greek word for "outskirt", refers to distribution of this species being at ...
the edge of the geographical range of the group.
Discover more
Chalcorana eschatia
Odorrana aureola
Odorrana aureola, also known as the Phu Luang cliff frog or gold-flanked odorous frog (Thai: กบชะง่อนผาภูหลวง), is a true frog species from northeastern Thailand. The specific name aureola is Latin and means ornamented with gold, in reference to the characteristic yellow markings on the limbs and flanks of this frog. It is notable for its ability to change color between green and brown, according to the surroundings.
Discover more
Odorrana aureola
Ichthyophis youngorum
Ichthyophis youngorum, the Doi Suthep caecilian, is a species of amphibian in the family Ichthyophiidae. It is known only from 10 adult and 13 larval specimens collected in 1957 by Edward Harrison Taylor. They were collected in the rainforest of Doi Suthep, near Chiang Mai, in Thailand, in a small valley at 1,200 m (3,900 ft) above sea level.
Discover more
Ichthyophis youngorum
Ansonia inthanon
Ansonia inthanon is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.A small stream toad, measuring only 22-26mm in length. Its natural habitat is near torrents in subtropical forest on sloping land. It is threatened by habitat loss for agriculture, use by medical research (although this is not a significant threat) and by the introduced American bullfrog. Though it is only known from Doi Inthanon National Park and Thongphaphum in Kanchanaburi ...
Province, it is not rare in suitable habitat. The species was recently discovered in a third locality, Doi Suthep National Park in Chiang Mai Province, and may also exist in similar habitat in northern Thailand and adjacent Myanmar.
Discover more
Ansonia inthanon
Ansonia siamensis
Ansonia siamensis is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Khao Chong Mountains of peninsular Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.
Discover more
Ansonia siamensis
Pointed-headed caecilian
The pointed-headed caecilian, Ichthyophis acuminatus, is a species of amphibian in the family Ichthyophiidae endemic to Thailand. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, intermittent rivers, plantations, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, irrigated land, and seasonally flooded agricultural land.
Discover more
Pointed-headed caecilian
Vietnamophryne occidentalis
Vietnamophryne occidentalis is a species of microhylid frog endemic to northern Thailand. Its type locality is Doi Tung Mountain, Chiang Rai Province, northern Thailand.
Discover more
Vietnamophryne occidentalis
Trimeresurus venustus
Trimeresurus venustus is a venomous pitviper species endemic to southern Thailand. Its common names include beautiful pit viper and brown-spotted pit viper.
Discover more
Trimeresurus venustus
Trimeresurus kanburiensis
Trimeresurus kanburiensis is a species of pit viper found in only a few areas of Thailand. Common names include: Kanburi pitviper, Kanburian pit viper, and tiger pit viper. Highly venomous, it is an arboreal but heavily built species with a brown or tawny coloration. No subspecies are currently recognized.
Discover more
Trimeresurus kanburiensis
Acanthosaura phuketensis
Acanthosaura phuketensis, the Phuket horned tree agamid, is a species of arboreal lizard native to Phuket Province, Thailand. It was discovered in 2015. It is now the 11th species in the genus Acanthosaura.
Discover more
Acanthosaura phuketensis
Boiga saengsomi
Boiga saengsomi is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Thailand.
Discover more
Boiga saengsomi
Alfred's blind skink
Alfred's blind skink (Dibamus alfredi), also known commonly as Alfred's dibamid lizard, Alfred's limbless skink, and Taylor's limbless skink, is a species of blind lizard in the family Dibamidae. The species is endemic to Southeast Asia.
Discover more
Alfred's blind skink
Boomsong's stream snake
Boomsong's stream snake (Isanophis boonsongi ), also known as Boomsong's keelback and Boonsong's stream snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae, subfamily Natricinae (keelbacks). It is monotypic in the genus Isanophis. The species is endemic to Thailand.
Discover more
Boomsong's stream snake
Korat supple skink
The Korat supple skink or Koraten writhing skink (Lygosoma koratense ) is a species of skink in the family Scincidae. It is endemic to Thailand.It can live in many different environments, including montane evergreen rainforests and low limestone hills, and also intensively cultivated and degraded areas.
Discover more
Korat supple skink
Isopachys anguinoides
Isopachys anguinoides, commonly known as the Thai snake skink or Heyer's isopachys, is a species of skink in the family Scincidae.
Discover more
Isopachys anguinoides
Sind River Snake
The Sind River snake (Enhydris chanardi), also known commonly as Chanard's mud snake and Chan-ard's water snake, is a species of mildly venomous, rear-fanged snake in the family Homalopsidae. The species is endemic to Thailand.
Discover more
Sind River Snake
Smith's mountain keelback
Smith's mountain keelback (Opisthotropis spenceri), also known commonly as Spencer's stream snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Thailand.
Discover more
Smith's mountain keelback
Gyldenstolpe's worm skink
Gyldenstolpe's worm skink, Gyldenstolpe's isopachys, or Gyldenstolpe's snake skink (Isopachys gyldenstolpei ) is a species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Thailand.
Discover more
Gyldenstolpe's worm skink
Pseudocalotes khaonanensis
Pseudocalotes khaonanensis is the largest agamid lizard in the genus Pseudocalotes. Endemic to Thailand, it is found only in the Khao Nan mountain range in (Khao Nan National Park), located in the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province of Southern Thailand. Found at high elevation in Cloud/Montane Forests in the stunted tree growth associated with this habitat, in trees rich with epiphyte growth.
Discover more
Pseudocalotes khaonanensis
Groundwater's keelback
Groundwater's keelback (Hebius groundwateri ) is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to southern Thailand.
Discover more
Groundwater's keelback
Miriam's skink
Miriam's skink (Brachymeles miriamae ) is a skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is endemic to Thailand.
Discover more
Miriam's skink
Narrow-tailed four-clawed gecko
The narrow-tailed four-clawed gecko or narrowhead dtella (Gehyra angusticaudata ) is a species of gecko. It is endemic to eastern Thailand.
Discover more
Narrow-tailed four-clawed gecko
Butterfly forest gecko
The butterfly forest gecko (Cyrtodactylus papilionoides ) is a species of gecko endemic to Thailand.
Discover more
Butterfly forest gecko
Thirakhupt's bent-toed gecko
Thirakhupt's bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus thirakhupti) is a species of gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species is endemic to Thailand.
Discover more
Thirakhupt's bent-toed gecko
Williamson's mouse-deer
Williamson's mouse-deer (Tragulus williamsoni ) is a species of even-toed ungulate in the family Tragulidae. It is found in Thailand, and possibly in China. The species is named after the collector Walter James Franklin Williamson.
Discover more
Williamson's mouse-deer
? Nycticebus linglom
? Nycticebus linglom is a fossil strepsirrhine primate from the Miocene of Thailand. Known only from a single tooth, an upper third molar, it is thought to be related to the living slow lorises, but the material is not sufficient to assign the species to Nycticebus with certainty, and the species name therefore uses open nomenclature. With a width of 1.82 mm, this tooth is very small for a primate. It is triangular in shape, supported by a ...
single root, and shows three main cusps, in addition to various crests. The absence of a fourth cusp, the hypocone, distinguishes it from various other prosimian primates.
Discover more
? Nycticebus linglom
Limestone rat
The limestone rat (Niviventer hinpoon ) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae found only in the limestone karsts of Saraburi, Lopburi, Nakhon Sawan provinces, central Thailand. It is listed as an endangered species due to its highly fragmented limestone karst habitat that is currently threatened by mining.
Discover more
Limestone rat
Bala tube-nosed bat
The Bala tube-nosed bat (Murina balaensis ) is a critically endangered species of bat found in Thailand.
Discover more
Bala tube-nosed bat
Hipposideros felix
Hipposideros felix is a species of bat known from Miocene fossil deposits at Li Mae Long in Thailand. The holotype is a tooth, the third molar, of a hipposiderid bat with affinities to the Brachipposideros group of fossil species found in Australia and France. The first description was published in a study of mammal specimens at the fossil site that produced evidence of unknown species, including other bats. The species is only known from the Li ...
Mae Long, a site that was determined to be a forest near an open body of water in the Miocene. The authors, Léonard Ginsburg and Pierre Mein, proposed the specific epithet felix, derived from Latin, as a reference to the regions cultural perception of a bat as a symbol of happiness and good fortune.
Discover more
Hipposideros felix
Thongaree's disc-nosed bat
Thongaree's disc-nosed bat (Eudiscoderma thongareeae ) is a critically endangered species of bat found in Thailand. It is the only member of the genus Eudiscoderma.
Discover more
Thongaree's disc-nosed bat
Idiosepius thailandicus
Idiosepius thailandicus, also known as the thai pygmy squid, is a species of bobtail squid native to the Indo-Pacific waters off Thailand. The extent of this species' distribution is still to be determined and records of Idiosepius dwarf squid away from Thailand, south to Indonesia and north to Japan, may be attributable to this species.Females grow to 10 mm in mantle length (ML), while males are not known to exceed 7 mm ML.The type specimen was c ...
ollected in the Gulf of Thailand and is deposited at the Marine Fisheries Division in Bangkok.In the Gulf of Thailand off eastern Thailand Idiosepius thailandicus was recorded among seaweed in the littoral zone in Rayong Province and in a mangrove habitats in Chanthaburi Province. In mangrove habitats the squid adhered their eggs to the roots of the mangrove. In the Andaman Sea, this species occurred in subtidal seagrass beds near the mouth of estuaries lined with mangroves and on sand bars which were interspersed with rocks. In these habitats the eggs were attached to the underside of blades of seagrasses. These squids and their relatives have a glue gland on their dorsal body surface that they use to adhere to submerged vegetation and other objects. Their life cycle is thought to include a juvenile pelagic stage.Idiosepius thailandicus is classified as Data Deficient by the IUCN as its exact distribution is unknown and no assessments have been made of its population size or population trends. The seagrass beds which form an important part of this species habitat are under threat and if, as may be the case, this species extends north to Japan then the seagrass beds there have been severely negatively impacted by human activities.
Discover more
Idiosepius thailandicus
Pygmaeconus visseri
Pygmaeconus visseri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.
Discover more
Pygmaeconus visseri
Conasprella kantangana
Conasprella kantangana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.
Discover more
Conasprella kantangana
Conus rawaiensis
Conus rawaiensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Conidae, the cone snails and their allies.Like all species within the genus Conus, these snails are predatory and venomous. They are capable of "stinging" humans, therefore live ones should be handled carefully or not at all.
Discover more
Conus rawaiensis
Euprymna hyllebergi
Euprymna hyllebergi is a species of bobtail squid native to the eastern Indian Ocean, specifically the Andaman Sea off Thailand. It is known from depths to 74 m.E. hyllebergi grows to 35 mm in mantle length.The type specimen was collected in the Andaman Sea off Kantang Fish Landing in Trang Province, Thailand. It is deposited at the Phuket Marine Biological Center in Phuket.
Discover more
Euprymna hyllebergi
Ithycythara apicodenticulata
Ithycythara apicodenticulata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.
Discover more
Ithycythara apicodenticulata