Eurasian whimbrel
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Family
Genus
SPECIES
Numenius phaeopus

The Eurasian whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus ) is a wader in the large family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across much of subarctic Asia and Europe as far south as Scotland. This species and the Hudsonian whimbrel have recently been split, although some taxonomic authorities still consider them to be conspecific.

Appearance

The Eurasian whimbrel is a fairly large wader, though mid-sized as a member of the curlew genus. It is 37–47 cm (15–19 in) in length, 75–90 cm (30–35 in) in wingspan, and 270–493 g (9.5–17.4 oz; 0.595–1.087 lb) in weight. It is mainly greyish brown, with a white back and rump (subspecies N. p. phaeopus and N. p. alboaxillaris only), and a long curved beak with a kink rather than a smooth curve. The usual call is a rippling whistle, prolonged into a trill for the song. The only similar common species over most of this bird's range are larger curlews. The whimbrel is smaller, has a shorter, decurved bill and has a central crown stripe and strong supercilia.

Distribution

Geography

Countries
Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Show More Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, China, Hong Kong, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Macao, Mongolia, Taiwan, Spain, Portugal, France, Finland, United Kingdom, Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara, Canada, United States, Belarus, Moldova, Russia, Ukraine, Australia, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand, Fiji, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Viet Nam, Ecuador, Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela, Equatorial Guinea, Seychelles, Mauritius, South Africa, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Comoros, Congo, DR Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Cyprus, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Cape Verde Show Less

The whimbrel is a migratory bird wintering on coasts in Africa, and South Asia into Australasia. It is also a coastal bird during migration. It is fairly gregarious outside the breeding season. It is found in Ireland and the United Kingdom, and it breeds in Scotland, particularly around Shetland, Orkney, the Outer Hebrides as well as the mainland at Sutherland and Caithness.

Eurasian whimbrel habitat map
Eurasian whimbrel habitat map
Eurasian whimbrel
Attribution-ShareAlike License

Habits and Lifestyle

Seasonal behavior
Bird's call

Diet and Nutrition

This species feeds by probing soft mud for small invertebrates and by picking small crabs and similar prey off the surface. Before migration, berries become an important part of their diet. It has also been observed taking insects, specifically blue tiger butterflies

Mating Habits

The nest is a bare scrape on tundra or Arctic moorland. Three to five eggs are laid. Adults are very defensive of nesting area and will even attack humans who come too close.

Population

Conservation

The whimbrel is listed in the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds. Near the end of the 19th century, hunting on the Eurasian whimbrel's migration routes took a heavy toll on its population, which has since recovered. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List and has been negatively impacted by climate change, habitat destruction and outbreaks of Avian flu to which it is susceptible.

Show More

The whimbrel and the Hudsonian curlew are considered to be conspecific.

Show Less

References

1. Eurasian whimbrel Wikipedia article - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_whimbrel
2. Eurasian whimbrel on The IUCN Red List site - https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22693178/86585436
3. Xeno-canto bird call - https://xeno-canto.org/707066

More Fascinating Animals to Learn About