Gilbert's Potoroo

Gilbert's Potoroo

Rat-kangaroo, Garlgyte, Ngilkat

Kingdom
Phylum
Subphylum
Class
Infraclass
Family
Genus
SPECIES
Potorous gilbertii
Population size
30-40
Life Span
7-12 years
Weight
900-1100
31.7-38.8
goz
g oz 
Length
270
11
mminch
mm inch 

Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii; formerly Hypsiprymnus gilbertii) is Australia's most endangered marsupial. It is the rarest marsupial in the world and one of the world's rarest critically endangered mammals. Gilbert’s potoroo was thought to be extinct for much of the 20th century, having not been spotted for around a century, until its rediscovery in 1994. The only naturally located population is found in Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve in Western Australia, where they co-exist with quokkas (Setonix brachyurus), but in 2015 a huge fire destroyed 90% of their habitat.

No

Nocturnal

He

Herbivore

Te

Terrestrial

Al

Altricial

Ju

Jumping

Vi

Viviparous

Bu

Burrowing

Te

Territorial

So

Social

No

Not a migrant

G

starts with

Appearance

Gilbert's potoroo is a small animal with a fur color that is rufous-brown across the upper side and light grey beneath. It has long hind feet and front feet with curved claws, which it uses to dig for food. Its body has large amounts of fur, which helps with insulation, and its fur ranges between brown and grey, the color fading on its belly. This potoroo has a long, thin snout curving downward that it uses to smell its surroundings; this trait is common in all potoroo species. Its eyes appear to bulge out of its face and look as though they are on an angle, and its ears are almost invisible, buried under thick fur. Male and female body types are similar and are both within the same size range.

Video

Distribution

Geography

Continents
Countries
Biogeographical realms

Currently, Gilbert's potoroos occur exclusively on Mount Gardner headland at Two Peoples Bay par (Western Australia). Within that area of less than 1,000 ha (2,500 acres), these animals occupy four separate areas of dense shrubland within valleys on the mount's slopes. The vegetation is between 1.5 and 2.0 m tall with 70-100% canopy cover, and a dense layer of sedges.

Gilbert's Potoroo habitat map

Biome

Climate zones

Gilbert's Potoroo habitat map
Gilbert's Potoroo
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Habits and Lifestyle

There is very limited information on the social habits and behavior of these animals. According to information, acquired from radio-tracking and trapping, they are likely to form small, isolated groups, which are scattered throughout their range. Some sub-adult individuals and older males are known to move from one group to another. Within a group, home ranges of individuals of the same sex rarely overlap, whereas territories of male and female potoroos usually do overlap. These nocturnal animals spend their daytime hours hidden in dense undergrowth. In addition, they can occasionally nest at night, typically in secluded, bowl-shaped recesses under low bushes, sheltered by the shrub canopy. According to studies, these animals make one-kilometer foraging trips each day from their daytime hideaways, returning to their shelters in the morning. Although there is no information on the communication behavior of Gilbert's potoroos, they are thought to associate with conspecifics through visual stimuli, noises, and smells, like other marsupials.

Seasonal behavior

Diet and Nutrition

Gilbert’s potoroos are believed to be primarily herbivores. Throughout the year, they feed on truffles, which compose more than 90% of their diet. The rest of their diet consists of occasional berries, fleshy seedpods as well as some insects.

Mating Habits

REPRODUCTION SEASON
year-round
INDEPENDENT AGE
6 months
BABY NAME
joey

Reproductive habits and behavior of this species are currently insufficiently explored. Gilbert's potoroos are believed to have polygynandrous (promiscuous) mating system, like their close relatives, Long-nosed potoroos. Births may occur throughout the year. Young are born approximately 4-6 weeks after mating. The newborn babies remain in the pouch of their mother for the first 3-4 months of their lives, after which they begin appearing from the pouch; this lasts for a week, after which they leave the pouch, continuing to feed upon maternal milk for another month. Then, during the following 1-2 months, they live on the territory of their mother, leaving by the age of 6 months. There is no accurate information on the age of reproductive maturity in this species; males appear to become mature after 2 years old, whereas females are known to give birth at one year old.

Population

Population threats

Gilbert’s potoroos presently suffer from the destruction of their natural habitat as well as feral predation. However, the primary threat to the only known, small population of these animals in the wild is fire: living in an area, covered with vegetation, which is exposed to wildfire, Gilbert’s potoroos are highly threatened with complete extinction.

Population number

According to the IUCN Red List, the total population size of Gilbert’s potoroo is 30-40 individuals. This species is currently classified as Critically Endangered (CR) on the IUCN Red List and its numbers are decreasing.

Fun Facts for Kids

  • Discovered in 1840, this species was named after John Gilbert, an English naturalist and explorer, in 1841.
  • In his note, John Gilbert mentions potoroos as “the constant companions” of the Quokka.
  • This little-known animal is the rarest marsupial in the world, which was believed to be extinct for 120 years, until 1994, when it was rediscovered.
  • When Gilbert’s potoroos were discovered, they were nicknamed as “rat-kangaroos”.
  • These marsupials were found due to urbanization, after which Prince Philip (husband of Queen Elizabeth II), organized protection of the area, where they lived, for the noisy-scrub bird, which was believed to be extinct until 1961, when it was rediscovered. As a result, this conservation campaign helped survive the small local population of Gilbert’s potoroos.

References

1. Gilbert's Potoroo Wikipedia article - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%27s_potoroo
2. Gilbert's Potoroo on The IUCN Red List site - http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/18107/0

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