Indus valley bullfrog, Indian bullfrog
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, commonly known as the Indus Valley bullfrog or Indian bullfrog, is a large species of frog found in South and Southeast Asia.
The Indus valley bullfrog is a large species of frog. They can grow to be 170 millimetres (6.7 in), with heads generally longer than they are wide, although older individuals tend to have wider heads. Normally green or brown with dark spots, males turn yellow during the breeding season. They tend to have a have a yellow streak along the spinal region of their back.
Significant variation, in both color and size, exists between different populations, even geographically close ones. A 2012 study found that frogs from different villages in the Jamshoro District of Sindh, Pakistan were consistently different in size and coloration from other local populations. This was suggested to be caused by food and water quality differences, as well as varying ages.
Their hands are unwebbed, while their feet are essentially fully webbed. Males have nuptial pads on the first finger and dual blue-colored vocal sacks on either side of the throat. The tail and fins of tadpoles are speckled in black, with tail tips darkly colored.
In males, the tympanum is wider than the eye, while in females the eye is wider than the tympanum. Females are also heavier and longer than males.
The Indian bullfrog is native to mainland Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal. It has been introduced in Madagascar and India's Andaman Islands, where it is now a widespread invasive species. Likely areas to be invaded in the future include the Mascarene Islands, Malaysia, Indonesia, and East Africa.
