Inca Dove
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Family
Genus
SPECIES
Columbina inca
Population size
2-3 Mlnlnn
Life Span
2-7.9 years
Weight
30-58
1.1-2
goz
g oz 
Length
16.5-23
6.5-9.1
cminch
cm inch 
Wingspan
32
13
cminch
cm inch 

The Inca dove or Mexican dove (Columbina inca ) is a small New World dove. The species was first described by French surgeon and naturalist René Lesson in 1847. It reaches a length of 16.5–23 cm (6.5–9.1 in) and weighs 30–58 g (1.1–2.0 oz). The Inca dove has an average wingspan of 28.5 cm and a max wingspan of 32 cm. It is a slender species, with a gray-brown body covered in feathers that resemble a scaled pattern. The tail is long and square and edged with white feathers that may flare out in flight. The underwings are reddish, like other ground doves, and upon takeoff, the wings produce a distinctive, quiet rattling noise.

Di

Diurnal

He

Herbivore

Gr

Granivore

Te

Terrestrial

Ar

Arboreal

Al

Altricial

Zo

Zoochory

Te

Territorial

Mo

Monogamy

Fl

Flocking

So

Social

No

Not a migrant

I

starts with

Appearance

The small Inca dove is a unique looking New World dove. Each feather has two tones of gray, the main part being light gray and the tip a darker gray, which gives the bird a scaly look. Its tail is edged with white feathers. In flight, this dove fans out the tail, so the white edges can be seen. In flight, the chestnut wing patches can also be seen. Juveniles look similar to their parents but lack the scaled edges to their feathers and have yellow eyes instead of dark red, and they also lack chestnut colored primaries.

Distribution

Geography

The Inca dove inhabits the southwestern part of the United States and Mexico, and across Central America on the Pacific side to Costa Rica. It lives in residential areas (cities, towns, lawns, parks, farmhouses, etc.), thorn forests, and savanna, and usually only in arid and semiarid habitats, as it has a low tolerance for cold.

Habits and Lifestyle

Inca doves are most often found in small flocks or pairs. They spend most of their time on the ground eating seeds and grains. They are sensitive to cold and have developed several behaviors to help them survive, such as roosting close several other doves, forming a pyramid in a sheltered sunny site, facing downwind, huddling with feathers fluffed up, wing to wing, one bird on the back of another. They may form pyramids of two or three rows for about an hour. They will also sun themselves by raising one wing and rolling a little to one side. Then they roll back and lift the other wing. An Inca dove can also lower its body temperature, thus avoiding the effects of cold temperatures at night. These birds have a rapid, jerky flight. Their wings create a quiet rattling noise on take-off. Usually their coo-cooing song is heard when they are up on a high branch. Even while other birds are not making any noise, they continue to coo, to advertise their territories.

Seasonal behavior
Bird's call

Diet and Nutrition

Inca doves are herbivores (granivores), they eat mainly seeds, grains, fruit, and insects.

Mating Habits

MATING BEHAVIOR
REPRODUCTION SEASON
Year-round
INCUBATION PERIOD
12-14 days
INDEPENDENT AGE
12-16 days
FEMALE NAME
hen
MALE NAME
cock
BABY NAME
squab, chick
web.animal_clutch_size
2 eggs

Inca doves are monogamous and pairs are believed to mate for life. When courting, the male struts, bows, bobs his head, and coos to the female. He keeps his tail vertical while fanning his tail feathers, showing off his black and white markings. An intruding male may be challenged to fight. Then the two males crouch in front of one another and make growling sounds, before battling for the female. Inca doves will breed and build nests year round. The male brings grasses and twigs for the female to make the nest, a fragile platform of sticks woven loosely together, lined with grasses. It may be high up in a thorny bush or a tree. 2 eggs are laid, and incubated by both parents for 12-14 days. Young are fed “pigeon milk” (crop milk) for a few days. Parents brood the hatchling for 7-9 days, the young leaving the nest after 12-16 days. Then the parents start another brood while the young join up with a flock of juveniles. These doves may have several broods each year if conditions are favorable.

Population

Population threats

At this time the Inca dove does not face any threats.

Population number

According to the What Bird resource, the total population size of the Inca dove is around 2 million individuals. According to the All About Birds resource, the total breeding population size of the species is 3 million individuals, 33% of these living in the U.S., while 61% are in Mexico. Overall, currently Inca doves are classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List and their numbers today are increasing.

Ecological niche

The Inca dove plays an important role in the ecosystem it lives in. Through its eating habits this species disperses seeds.

Fun Facts for Kids

  • Inca doves are named after the Empire of the Incas, though this really is nothing to do with the location of this species.
  • Inca doves obtain most of the liquid they need from their food. If necessary, they fly more than 10 miles to find water.
  • Because these birds fly directly to water, early travelers in west Texas would often watch their flight to locate water holes.
  • During winter, these birds roost in pyramid formations of up to 12 birds in communal huddles that help them to conserve heat.
  • A ‘coo’ sound, produced by Inca doves, is usually translated as "no hope".

References

1. Inca Dove Wikipedia article - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inca_dove
2. Inca Dove on The IUCN Red List site - http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22690762/0
3. Xeno-canto bird call - https://xeno-canto.org/678638

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