Lesser horseshoe bat
Kingdom
Phylum
Subphylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
SPECIES
Rhinolophus hipposideros
Weight
5-9
0.2-0.3
goz
g oz 
Length
35-45
1.4-1.8
mminch
mm inch 
Wingspan
192-254
7.6-10
mminch
mm inch 

The lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus hipposideros ) is a type of small European and North African insectivorous bat, related to its larger cousin, the greater horseshoe bat. As with all horseshoe bats, the species gets its name from its distinctive horseshoe-shaped noseleaf.

No

Nocturnal

Ca

Carnivore

In

Insectivores

Te

Terrestrial

Po

Polygynandry

Po

Polygamy

So

Solitary

Hi

Hibernating

No

Not a migrant

L

starts with

Appearance

The lesser horseshoe bat is one of the world's smallest bats, weighing only 5 to 9 grams, with a wingspan of 7.5 – 10 inches (192–254 mm) and a body length of 1.4 – 1.8 inches (35–45 mm). It has strong feet that it uses to grasp rocks and branches, and can see well in spite of its small eyes. Like most bats, lesser horseshoe bats live in colonies and hunt their prey by echolocation, emitting ultrasound from specialized round pads in their mouth.

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The base of its fur, which is soft and fluffy, is light grey in colour, with dorsal side fur smoky brown and the ventral side grey, with the exception of juvenile bats which are entirely dark grey. Ears and wing membranes are a light greyish brown.

When hunting they are quick and agile, often flying within five metres of the ground while avoiding contact with bushes and shrubs. The lesser horseshoe bat eats small insects, most of which are gleaned from stones and branches. Their favorite types of prey include flies, mosquitoes, butterflies, moths, and spiders. The average lifespan of Rhinolophus hipposideros is 3 years, although some individuals have been known to live far longer.

Detailed observations done in Tunisia showed no obvious morphological differences between North African and European specimens.

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Distribution

Geography

The lesser horseshoe bat lives in warmer regions in foothills and highland, in particular wooded areas or areas of limestone, where it roosts in caves. In summer its range has been recorded up to 1160 m above sea level, and up to 2000 m in the winter, with the highest known nursery roost at 950 m. The species is sedentary, with the average movement between summer and winter roosts between 5 and 10 kilometers, although the longest recorded distance is 153 kilometers.

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The species can be found in western Ireland and south-west Britain, with some larger populations in parts of Germany and the Bavarian foothills of the Alps. Rhinolophus hipposideros is widely distributed in the Mediterranean area, occurring in North Africa and on most larger islands to Asia Minor and around the Black Sea. In Asia, it can be found in Kashmir, the Near East, Iran, Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula, as well as part of East Africa.

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Lesser horseshoe bat habitat map

Climate zones

Lesser horseshoe bat habitat map
Lesser horseshoe bat

Habits and Lifestyle

Lifestyle
Seasonal behavior

Diet and Nutrition

Mating Habits

MATING BEHAVIOR
PREGNANCY DURATION
67 days
BABY CARRYING
1 to 2
INDEPENDENT AGE
6 to 7 weeks

Lesser horseshoe bats mate in the autumn. Females give birth to one pup, normally between mid-June and the beginning of July. Pups weigh around 1.8 grams at birth, opening their eyes after around 10 days and becoming independent at six to seven weeks of age. The bats hibernate during the winter months in dark caves, mines, old buildings, and sometimes in cellars.

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Females become sexually mature within their first year, with a study in Czechoslovakia showing that about 15% of females give birth at one year of age. Animals have been seen to chase each other as a preliminary to mating, which is done with the male hanging himself behind and over the female.

Nurseries are often shared with other species, such as the greater mouse-eared bat, but there is no direct mixing with other species. The move to nurseries occurs from April onwards, with between 10 and 100 females present and between 2 and 20 males. Approximately two-thirds of females in a nursery roost give birth between mid-June and mid-July.

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Population

Conservation

This species is protected in the European Union under the Habitats Directive. This species is also listed in the Berne Convention and is specifically targeted by the UNEP-EUROBATS convention. Several national legislation are also protecting this species and its habitats in many countries and regions.

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In order to highlight the importance of protecting this species at the European scale, this species was selected as bat species of the Year 2018–2019 by the pan-European NGO BatLife Europe.

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References

1. Lesser horseshoe bat Wikipedia article - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_horseshoe_bat
2. Lesser horseshoe bat on The IUCN Red List site - https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/19518/21972794

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