Mojave green rattlesnake
The Mojave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) is a highly venomous pit viper species found in North America. It is perhaps best known for its potent neurotoxic-hemotoxic venom, which is considered one of the world's most potent rattlesnake venoms.
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NocturnalNocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal",...
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CarnivoreA carnivore meaning 'meat eater' is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of a...
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TerrestrialTerrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g., cats, ants, snails), as compared with aquatic animals, which liv...
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Ambush predatorAmbush predators are carnivorous animals that capture or trap prey by stealth, luring, or by (typically instinctive) strategies utilizing an elemen...
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PrecocialPrecocial species are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. Precocial species are normall...
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OviparousOviparous animals are female animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive...
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BrumationBrumation is a lethargic state that some ectothermic animals, such as many reptiles, assume during cold conditions. Reptiles generally begin brumat...
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Highly venomousHighly venomous animals are able to produce the most toxic venom which is considered to be one of the most debilitating and potentially deadly.
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Generally solitaryGenerally solitary animals are those animals that spend their time separately but will gather at foraging areas or sleep in the same location or sh...
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Not a migrantAnimals that do not make seasonal movements and stay in their native home ranges all year round are called not migrants or residents.
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starts withThe color of the Mojave rattlesnake varies from shades of brown to pale green depending on the surroundings. The green hue found among these snakes has led to them being known as "Mojave greens" in some areas. They have a dark diamond pattern along their back and wide white bands on the tails. Additionally, they have enlarged scales on top of the heads between the supraoculars, and the light postocular stripe passes behind the corner of their mouths.
Mojave rattlesnakes are found in the southwestern United States in southern California, southern Nevada, northern and eastern Nevada, extreme southwestern Utah, most of Arizona, southern New Mexico, and some of Texas. They are commonly found in Riverside, California. They also range southward through much of Mexico to southern Puebla. These snakes live in deserts and other areas with xeric vegetation. They are often found near scrub brush such as sage mesquite and creosote, but may also reside in lowland areas of sparse vegetation, among cacti, Joshua tree forests, or grassy plains. They can also range up the Eastern Sierra as far north as Reno and perhaps beyond into southern Eastern Oregon. Mojave rattlesnakes tend to avoid densely vegetated and rocky areas, preferring open, arid habitats.
Mojave rattlesnakes are mainly nocturnal and during the heat of the day hide in burrows of other mammals or under rocks. However, during cooler days they may come out during the day to bask in the sun. These snakes are most active from April to September and brumate alone or in small groups during the winter. They have a reputation for being aggressive towards people and like other rattlesnakes, they will defend themselves vigorously when disturbed. When frightened, Mojave rattlesnakes shake their tail, producing a buzzing sound; this way they warn an intruder before striking. They have also been known to come towards and chase humans.
All rattlesnake venoms are complex cocktails of enzymes and other proteins that vary greatly in composition and effects, not only between species but also between geographic populations within the same species. The Mojave rattlesnake is widely regarded as producing one of the most toxic snake venoms in the New World, based on LD50 studies in laboratory mice. The median lethal dose is 0.23 mg/kg SC. The estimated lethal dose for an adult human is just 10 to 15 mg. Medical treatment as soon as possible after a bite is critical to a positive outcome, dramatically increasing chances for survival.
Mojave rattlesnakes are carnivores and eat mostly lizards, toads, birds, and small rodents, such as mice, rats, and rabbits.
The breeding season for Mojave rattlesnakes starts in July and lasts until September. Females give birth to 2-17 live young, usually in abandoned rodent burrows. The young are born well-developed and measure around 25 cm (9.8 in) from head to tail.
There are no major threats facing Mojave rattlesnakes at present.
According to IUCN, the Mojave rattlesnake is locally common and widespread throughout its range but no overall population estimate is available. Currently, this species is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List and its numbers today are stable.
Mojave rattlesnakes are important predators of lizards and many small rodents, such as rats and mice, which make up a big portion of their diet.
