Gillen's monitor, Mulga monitor
The pygmy mulga monitor (Varanus gilleni ), also known as Gillen's monitor or just mulga monitor is a species of lizard in the family Varanidae.
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TerrestrialTerrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g., cats, ants, snails), as compared with aquatic animals, which liv...
Oviparous animals are female animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive...
Precocial species are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. Precocial species are normall...
Arboreal locomotion is the locomotion of animals in trees. In habitats in which trees are present, animals have evolved to move in them. Some anima...
A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct ...
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starts withThe pygmy mulga monitor is arboreal, with a prehensile tail. It grows to a total length of around 40 cm (16 inches). The upper surface is brown, grading to grey at the sides. The nostrils are positioned on the sides of the muzzle, about halfway between the tip of the snout and the eye. V. gilleni weighs, on average, 60–80 grams (2.1–2.8 oz). Males and females can be distinguished by the presence of spines on the sides of the male's vent.
It is sometimes mistaken for the stripe tailed monitor, but the two species are allopatric and can be physically distinguished by the pygmy mulga monitor's slightly larger size.
This species has very high endurance, owing to it having one of the highest factorial aerobic scopes of any vertebrate. A study where individuals were placed on treadmills running at a speed of 1 kilometre per hour (28 cm per second) found that they could maintain the speed for "many minutes" without tiring.
It is particularly well adapted to arid conditions, losing water at half the rate of other Australian monitor species.
The species is native to the spinifex sandplains of northwestern and central Australia. It can be found under the loose bark of desert she-oaks, and the hollows of eucalyptus, mulga, and myall trees.
Although arboreal, much of their prey is found by foraging on the ground. Pygmy mulga monitors eat primarily spiders, orthopterans, beetles, and other lizards, especially geckos such as Gehyra variegata and Heteronotia binoei. Geckos too large to be killed may be attacked anyway to consume their autotomized tails. Bird eggs, small mammals, and even ant sized prey are also taken.
Ritualized fighting sometimes occurs between males. Unlike larger monitors which grapple with each other while standing on their hindlegs, they grapple each other with all 4 limbs, belly to belly, and roll around on the ground trying to force the other onto its back. Biting may also occur.
Breeding likely takes place between September and October. A clutch of up to 7 eggs may be laid in a 30cm deep burrow, which may then be sealed with sand. The eggs hatch after 3 months.
