Brahminy duck
The Ruddy shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea) is a distinctive waterfowl that has a loud honking call. The ruddy shelduck mostly inhabits inland water-bodies and forms a lonf lasting pair bond. In central and eastern Asia, populations of this species are steady or rising, but in Europe, they are generally in decline.
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NocturnalNocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal",...
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OmnivoreAn omnivore is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and ani...
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CongregatoryCongregatory animals tend to gather in large numbers in specific areas as breeding colonies, for feeding, or for resting.
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OviparousOviparous animals are female animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive...
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PrecocialPrecocial species are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. Precocial species are normall...
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WaterfowlWaterfowl are certain wildfowl of the order Anseriformes, especially members of the family Anatidae, which includes ducks, geese, and swans. They ...
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SemiaquaticSemiaquatic animals are those that are primarily or partly terrestrial but that spend a large amount of time swimming or otherwise occupied in wate...
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GrazingGrazing is a method of feeding in which a herbivore feeds on plants such as grasses, or other multicellular organisms such as algae. In agriculture...
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MonogamyMonogamy is a form of relationship in which both the male and the female has only one partner. This pair may cohabitate in an area or territory for...
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FlockingFlocking birds are those that tend to gather to forage or travel collectively. Avian flocks are typically associated with migration. Flocking also ...
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MigratingAnimal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individual animals, usually on a seasonal basis. It is the most common form of migrati...
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starts withThe male Ruddy shelduck has orange-brown body plumage and a paler, orange-brown head and neck, separated from the body by a narrow black collar. The rump, flight feathers, tail-coverts, and tail feathers are black and there are iridescent green speculum feathers on the inner surfaces of the wings. Both upper and lower wing coverts are white, this feature being particularly noticeable in flight but hardly visible when the bird is at rest. The bill is black and the legs are dark grey. The female is similar but has a rather pale, whitish head and neck and lacks the black collar, and in both sexes, the coloring is variable and fades as the feathers age. The birds molt at the end of the breeding season and the male loses the black collar, but a further partial molt between December and April restores it. Juveniles are similar to the female but are a darker shade of brown.
Ruddy shelducks breed from southeast Europe across the Palearctic to Lake Baikal, Mongolia, and western China. There are also very small resident populations of this species in Northwest Africa and Ethiopia. Most populations are migratory, wintering in the Indian subcontinent and breeding in southeastern Europe and central Asia, though there are small resident populations in North Africa. Ruddy shelducks are usually found in open locations on inland bodies of water such as lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. They rarely occur in forested areas but do occur in brackish water and saline lagoons. They typically breed in large wetlands and rivers with mud flats and shingle banks, and they are found in large numbers on lakes and reservoirs. They breed in high-altitude lakes and swamps in Jammu and Kashmir. Outside the breeding season, they prefer lowland streams, sluggish rivers, ponds, flooded grassland, marshes, and brackish lagoons.
Ruddy shelducks are social birds. They are usually found in pairs or small groups and rarely form large flocks. However, molting and wintering gatherings on chosen lakes or slow rivers can be very large. Ruddy shelducks are active during the night. On land, they graze on the foliage, but when in the water they do not dive; they dabble in the shallows, and at greater depths, they up-end. Ruddy shelducks are very noisy when in flocks. Their call is a series of loud, nasal honking notes. The calls are made both on the ground and in the air, and the sounds are variable according to the circumstances in which they are uttered.
Ruddy shelducks are omnivorous birds. They eat grasses, the young shoots of plants, grain and water plants as well as both aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates.
Ruddy shelducks are monogamous a form strong pair bonds that are thought to last for life. The birds arrive at their main breeding grounds in central Asia in March and April. When nesting Ruddy shelducks are very aggressive towards their own kind and towards other species. The female in particular approaches intruders with head lowered and neck outstretched, uttering anger calls. If the intruder stands its ground, the female returns to the male and runs around him, inciting him to attack. He may or may not do so. Courtship ritual includes neck stretching, head dipping, and tail raising. The nesting site is often far away from water in a hole in a tree or ruined building, a crevice in a cliff, among sand dunes, or in an animal burrow. The nest is constructed by the female using feathers and down and some grasses. The female lays 6-12 eggs between late April and early June and incubates them alone while the male stands in attendance nearby. The eggs hatch after about 28 days and both parents care for the young, which fledge in a further 55 days. After breeding the adults moult, losing the power of flight for about a month while they do so. Before molting they move to large water bodies where they can more easily avoid predation while they are flightless. The family may stay together as a group for some time; the autumn migration starts around September and the young may mature in their second year. North African birds usually breed about 5 weeks earlier.
In Europe, populations of Ruddy shelducks are generally declining as wetlands are drained and the birds are hunted. However, they are less vulnerable than some other waterfowl because they can adapt to new habitats such as reservoirs.
According to the IUCN Red List, the total population size of the Ruddy shelduck is approximately 170,000-220,000 individuals. The European population consists of 17,000-26,500 pairs, which equates to 33,900-53,100 mature individuals. Currently, this species is classified as Least Concern (LC) on the IUCN Red List.
Social animals are those animals that interact highly with other animals, usually of their own species (conspecifics), to the point of having a rec...