Boll weevil
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
SPECIES
Anthonomus grandis

The boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) is a species of beetle in the family Curculionidae. The boll weevil feeds on cotton buds and flowers. Thought to be native to Central Mexico, it migrated into the United States from Mexico in the late 19th century and had infested all U.S. cotton-growing areas by the 1920s, devastating the industry and the people working in the American South. During the late 20th century, it became a serious pest in South America as well. Since 1978, the Boll Weevil Eradication Program in the U.S. allowed full-scale cultivation to resume in many regions.

In Culture

Music

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  • " Boll Weevil" is a traditional blues song covered by artists including Huddie “Lead Belly” Ledbetter, Buster “Bus” Ezel, Woody Guthrie. It reached #2 on the Billboard chart in 1961 in a recording by Brook Benton.
  • The song " Glow Worm" references the insect in Johnny Mercer's lyric "Thou aeronautical boll weevil, illuminate yon woods primeval".
  • The boll weevil also appears in the song " Little Sister", sung by Elvis Presley.
  • The song " Funkier Than A Mosquito's Tweeter", written by Alline Bullock and covered by Ike and Tina Turner and Nina Simone, references the insect in the lyric "You got a mouth like a herd of Boll Weevils"
  • The song " Old Codger" written by The Stranglers and sung by George Melly references the insect in the lyric "I might just turn into a boll weevil and creep upon you with my beef jerky"
  • In their self-titled debut album, The Presidents of the United States of America made reference to a wide range of animals including on the track, Boll Weevil. Music critic Michael Sun wrote, "By the time track five, ‘Boll Weevil’, rolls around, there’s been enough cameos from birds, spiders, monkeys, fish, frogs, pigs, and beetles to fill a zoo, all referenced without agenda or coded meaning — just fun, plain and simple."

Television

  • In the third season episode, "Night of the Headless Woman" from the 1960s series, The Wild Wild West features boll weevils as the MacGuffin. The villains were trying to smuggle boll weevils into the country to ruin cotton production in the United States.
  • In the animated TV show Ben 10, one of the protagonist's transformations is a beetle-like insect named "Ball Weevil".
  • In season seven episode six of the TV show Psych, Shawn Spencer pretends to be sent from the "county pest control" to get rid of a Weevil infestation in a warehouse where hostages are being kept.

Sports

  • The boll weevil is the mascot for the University of Arkansas at Monticello and is listed on several "silliest" or "weirdest" mascots of all time. It was also the mascot of a short-lived minor league baseball team, the Temple Boll Weevils, which were alternatively called the "Cotton Bugs".

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Appearance

The adult insect has a long snout, a grayish color, and is usually less than.mw-parser-output.frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output.frac.num,.mw-parser-output.frac.den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output.frac.den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output.sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}6 mm (1⁄4 in) in length.

Climate zones

Habits and Lifestyle

Diet and Nutrition

Mating Habits

Adult weevils overwinter in well-drained areas in or near cotton fields, and farms after diapause. They emerge and enter cotton fields from early spring through midsummer, with peak emergence in late spring, and feed on immature cotton bolls.

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The boll weevil lays its eggs inside buds and ripening bolls (fruits) of the cotton plants. The female can lay up to 200 eggs over a 10- to 12-day period. The oviposition leaves wounds on the exterior of the flower bud. The eggs hatch in 3 to 5 days within the cotton squares (larger buds before flowering), feed for 8 to 10 days, and then pupate. The pupal stage lasts another 5 to 7 days. The lifecycle from egg to adult spans about three weeks during the summer. Under optimal conditions, 8 to 10 generations per season may occur.

Boll weevils begin to die at temperatures at or below −5 °C (23 °F). Research at the University of Missouri indicates they cannot survive more than an hour at −15 °C (5 °F). The insulation offered by leaf litter, crop residues, and snow may enable the beetle to survive when air temperatures drop to these levels.

Other limitations on boll weevil populations include extreme heat and drought. The weevil’s natural predators include fire ants, other insects, spiders, birds, and a parasitoid wasp, Catolaccus grandis. The weevils sometimes emerge from diapause before cotton buds are available.

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Population

References

1. Boll weevil Wikipedia article - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boll_weevil

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