The Irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris ) is a euryhaline species of oceanic dolphin found in scattered subpopulations near sea coasts and in estuaries and rivers in parts of the Bay of Bengal and Southeast Asia. It closely resembles the Australian snubfin dolphin (of the same genus, Orcaella ) and was not described as a separate species until 2005. It has a slate blue to a slate gray color. Although found in much of the riverine and marine zones of South and Southeast Asia, the only concentrated lagoon populations are found in Chilika Lake in Odisha, India and Songkhla Lake in southern Thailand.
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DiurnalDiurnal animals are active during the daytime, with a period of sleeping or other inactivity at night. The timing of activity by an animal depends ...
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CarnivoreA carnivore meaning 'meat eater' is an organism that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of a...
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MolluscivoreA molluscivore is a carnivorous animal that specializes in feeding on molluscs such as gastropods, bivalves, brachiopods, and cephalopods. Known mo...
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PiscivoresA piscivore is a carnivorous animal that eats primarily fish. Piscivorous is equivalent to the Greek-derived word ichthyophagous. Fish were the die...
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AquaticAn aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in water for most or all of its life. It may breathe air or extract ...
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PrecocialPrecocial species are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching. Precocial species are normall...
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NatatorialNatatorial animals are those adapted for swimming. Some fish use their pectoral fins as the primary means of locomotion, sometimes termed labriform...
Among animals, viviparity is the development of the embryo inside the body of the parent. The term 'viviparity' and its adjective form 'viviparous'...
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PolygynyPolygyny is a mating system in which one male lives and mates with multiple females but each female only mates with a single male.
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Not a migrantAnimals that do not make seasonal movements and stay in their native home ranges all year round are called not migrants or residents.
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starts withThis dolphin is easily distinguished due to its unusually short beak, rounded head and flexible neck, which makes creases behind its head. The species is most closely related to the orca. However, in its appearance, this dolphin has more similarities with the beluga whale, though the overall coloration of the Irrawaddy dolphin is darker, the underside is lighter and the back is dark grey. The animal has 12 - 19 peg-like teeth on either side of each jaw. Females of this species have smaller dorsal fin, shorter body and lighter weight.
The species is found in scattered areas throughout the Indo-Pacific region, occurring from the Philippines to northeastern India. The Irrawaddy dolphin can be found in the following freshwater river systems: Mahakam (Indonesia); the Ayeyarwady, previously called Irrawaddy (Burma); and finally, the Mekong (Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam). The animal is also known to live in Chika Lake in India as well as Songkhla Lake in Thailand. The Irrawaddy dolphin generally inhabits coastal areas and is not found in offshore waters. Preferred habitat of this dolphin is muddy, brackish waters at river mouths and deltas.
Irrawaddy dolphins are highly social animals. However, compared pods of other dolphins, groups of this species are smaller, usually containing 3 - 6 individuals. Coming to the surface, these curious animals are known to look around and explore the surrounding area. As opposed to other dolphins, they are not very active, swimming slowly with sluggish movements. As they come to the surface to breath, only the top of the head is seen; once appearing on the surface, they immediately dive back. As a matter of fact, only 14% of all surfacings include playful behavior such as rolling, splashing, limb waving and slapping. They usually surface twice before diving. When disturbed, Irrawaddy dolphins, living in Chilka Lake swim onto a sand bar and roll around. Every day, these diurnal dolphins travel from the Semayang Lake in eastern Borneo to the Mahakam River, coming back to the lake in the evening.
Irrawaddy dolphins are carnivores (piscivores and molluscivores).The usual diet of this animal includes fish, cephalopods and crustaceans.
These dolphins have polygynous mating system, where each male mates with a number of females. Male dolphins compete with each other for their mating rights. There is very scarce information on the reproductive biology of this species. However, they are likely to breed in December - June. Gestation period lasts for about 9 months, though data from two captive births has shown 14 months of gestation. Usually, females yield a single baby with an interval of 2 - 3 years. During the first seven months of its life, the offspring feeds exclusively on the nutrition from its mother. The calf learns to prey on fish, observing the behavior of its mother as well as other members of the pod. By the age of 6 months, young dolphins begin eating fish, being completely weaned at 2 years old. They are thought to become sexually mature with 7 - 9 years.
The main threat to the population of this species is drowning in gill nets, which most often happens in December-May, at the dry season, when these animals remain in deep water bodies. On the other hand, electrocution and prey depletion from electric fishing pose a real threat to these animals, particularly to those found in the Ayeyarwady River. The dolphin also suffers from pollution, construction of dams as well as the build-up of silt and sedimentation, which leads to a high degree of erosion. In addition, the animal currently faces dangers such as overfishing, collisions with boats and resulting injuries, which can sharply reduce the population of this dolphin.
According to the IUCN Red List, the total population size of the Irrawaddy dolphin is unknown, but there are estimates available for only a few portions of the range: in Malampaya Sound (Philippines) - 77 dolphins; in the Mekong River - 125 dolphins; in the Mahakam River (Indonesia) - 70 dolphins; in the Ayeyarwady River (Myanmar) - 58-72 dolphins; in coastal waters of Bangladesh - 5,383 dolphins; in the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh - 451 dolphins. Overall, numbers of Irrawaddy dolphins’ population are decreasing today, and the species is currently classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List.
Irrawaddy dolphins act as top ecosystem predators, feeding on and regulating popelations of fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans.
Social animals are those animals that interact highly with other animals, usually of their own species (conspecifics), to the point of having a rec...