Eastern mountaineer
The bearded mountaineer or eastern mountaineer (Oreonympha nobilis ) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Peru.
In zoology, a nectarivore is an animal that derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of the sugar-...
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TerrestrialTerrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g., cats, ants, snails), as compared with aquatic animals, which liv...
Oviparous animals are female animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive...
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Not a migrantAnimals that do not make seasonal movements and stay in their native home ranges all year round are called not migrants or residents.
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starts withThe bearded mountaineer is 14 to 16.5 cm (5.5 to 6.5 in) long including the approximately 2.3 cm (0.91 in) long bill. It weighs about 7 to 9 g (0.25 to 0.32 oz). Adult males of the nominate subspecies have a deep purplish blue forecrown and crown with a narrow black stripe in the middle. The face is bronzy black with a narrow white band at the back. Its gorget is long and narrow, emerald green under the chin and the rest purplish with a bluish tip. The nape, back, and rump are bronzy to bronzy brown. The tail is long and deeply forked; the feathers are bronzy with increasing amounts of white from the innermost to outermost. The center of the breast is white, the sides of the breast and flanks brownish, and the undertail coverts are bronzy brown. The adult female is similar to the male but duller overall and dingier underneath. Its gorget is smaller and mostly white and the tail less deeply forked. Both sexes have black bills and legs. Juveniles are duller than the adults, with a scaly green crown, a dull brown throat, and a yellow mandible.
Males of subspecies O. n. albolimbata has white bands on either side of the crown and its tail is much more coppery. The female has white extending from the same white bands of the crown through the lores to the gorget.
The "eastern" nominate subspecies of bearded mountaineer is found in the departments of Apurímac and Cuzco of south-central Peru, in the drainages of the Urubamba and upper Apurímac rivers. The "western" subspecies O. n. albolimbata is found in Peru's departments of Huancavelica, Ayacucho, and Apurímac, in the drainages of the Mantaro, Pampas, and Chalhuanca rivers.
The species inhabits dry Andean valleys characterized by rocky and scrubby hillsides and open woodland. It occurs in a variety of native plant communities but also is regularly found in tree tobacco (Nicotiana ) and Eucalyptus even along roads and in towns. In elevation it ranges from 2,500 to 3,900 m (8,200 to 12,800 ft).
The bearded mountaineer is resident throughout it range.
The bearded mountaineer feeds on nectar, primarily that of Agave, cacti, Nicotiana, and Eucalyptus. It feeds both by hovering with an almost vertical stance and tail flicking, but also clings to flowers with open wings. It also eats small arthropods. It is submissive to most other hummingbirds.
The bearded mountaineer's breeding phenology has not been documented, though an early author suggest that it might breed in caves above rivers.
The IUCN uses HBW taxonomy and so treats the subspecies separately as species. Both are assessed as being of Least Concern. Both have restricted ranges; their population numbers are unknown but believed to be stable. The species as a whole is described as uncommon to locally common. Human plantings of Eucalyptus and tree tobacco may be beneficial if native vegetation is lost.
