The Hispaniolan hutia (Plagiodontia aedium ) (Spanish: jutía ) is a hutia species endemic to the island of Hispaniola (split between Haiti and the Dominican Republic). It is the only confirmed extant species of the genus Plagiodontia, and the only extant species of hutia on Hispaniola; other species are extinct. The name Plagiodontia means "oblique tooth" in Greek, referring to its dentition. Along with the often sympatric Hispaniolan solenodon (Solenodon paradoxus ), it is one of two extant native mammals on Hispaniola.
The head and body length is about 312 millimetres (12.3 in), and its tail length is about 153 millimetres (6.0 in). The listed adult weight as 1.267 kilograms (2.79 lb). In the subspecies P. a. hylaeum, head and body length is 348–405 millimetres (13.7–15.9 in), and tail length is 125–145 mm. The short, dense pelage is brownish or grayish on the upper parts and buffy on the underparts. The tail is scaly, and practically naked. Both the forefoot and the hind foot have five digits, all armed with claws (except the thumb, which has a short, blunt nail). Females have three pairs of lateral thoracic mammae.
Captive hutias have been observed to be nocturnal and arboreal. and to use nest boxes placed high off the ground. Wild specimens are reported to be active only at night; they hide during the day, feed mainly on roots and fruits, and live in male-female pairs. Reports also stated that three or four individuals commonly occupy the same burrow system. Individuals communicate through soft, almost bird-like chirps.
Specimens of the P. a. hylaeum subspecies were caught in December in hollow trees near a lagoon; four pregnant females each contained a single embryo. Purportedly, captive female P. aedium have an estrous cycle of 10 days, a gestation period of 119 days, and apparently bear a single offspring. Recorded gestation has been 123–150 days and litter sizes of one to two young in this species, which are highly precocial, much unlike most rodents, which are totally helpless when born. A captive P. aedium was recorded to live for 9 years and 11 months.
Hispaniolan hutias inhabit forests. It is reported that they occupy rough hillsides and ravines from sea level to 2,000 meters in elevation; some populations use burrows and feed near the ground, and other populations may den in tree cavities and move through the trees, rather than descend to ground level.
Five of the seven species in this genus are known only by skeletal remains, often found in association with human kitchen middens. These five species probably disappeared by the seventeenth century because of excessive hunting by people. P. a. aedium and P. a. hylaeum have been greatly reduced in range and numbers and are threatened by deforestation, hunting, competition from introduced rodents such as rats and mice, and predation by the introduced small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata ), as well as feral dogs and cats. The human population of Hispaniola is increasing, most of the island's forest cover is being cleared for agriculture, and hutias are usually killed whenever encountered.
The IUCN regards P. a. hylaeum as a subspecies of P. aedium. P. a. hylaeum is called the Dominican hutia, while the nominate race, P. a. aedium is referred to as Cuvier's hutia. Recent surveys in Haiti have found P. aedium to be somewhat more common than once estimated, though still in jeopardy. The IUCN Red List classifies the P. aedium as "vulnerable". Recent genetic research has identified three distinct populations of P. aedium.
Its presence in several protected areas has recently been confirmed by a Darwin Initiative–funded project known as The Last Survivors; these include Jaragua, Del Este, Los Haitises, and Sierra de Bahoruco National Parks. Hutia population have also been discovered in privately protected areas such as Punta Cana Ecological Reserve. There were sightings in 2005 which were confirmed photographically in the Bahoruco region and evidence suggest that this area may have a substantial hutia population in and around the protected area.
