Indus valley bullfrog, Indian bullfrog
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, commonly known as the Indus Valley bullfrog or Indian bullfrog, is a large species of frog found in South and Southeast Asia.
Nocturnality is an animal behavior characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day. The common adjective is "nocturnal",...
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TerrestrialTerrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g., cats, ants, snails), as compared with aquatic animals, which liv...
Oviparous animals are female animals that lay their eggs, with little or no other embryonic development within the mother. This is the reproductive...
Jumping (saltation) can be distinguished from running, galloping, and other gaits where the entire body is temporarily airborne by the relatively l...
Semiaquatic animals are those that are primarily or partly terrestrial but that spend a large amount of time swimming or otherwise occupied in wate...
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starts withThe Indus valley bullfrog is a large species of frog. They can grow to be 170 millimetres (6.7 in), with heads generally longer than they are wide, although older individuals tend to have wider heads. Normally green or brown with dark spots, males turn yellow during the breeding season. They tend to have a have a yellow streak along the spinal region of their back.
Significant variation, in both color and size, exists between different populations, even geographically close ones. A 2012 study found that frogs from different villages in the Jamshoro District of Sindh, Pakistan were consistently different in size and coloration from other local populations. This was suggested to be caused by food and water quality differences, as well as varying ages.
Their hands are unwebbed, while their feet are essentially fully webbed. Males have nuptial pads on the first finger and dual blue-colored vocal sacks on either side of the throat. The tail and fins of tadpoles are speckled in black, with tail tips darkly colored.
In males, the tympanum is wider than the eye, while in females the eye is wider than the tympanum. Females are also heavier and longer than males.
The Indian bullfrog is native to mainland Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal. It has been introduced in Madagascar and India's Andaman Islands, where it is now a widespread invasive species. Likely areas to be invaded in the future include the Mascarene Islands, Malaysia, Indonesia, and East Africa.